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فراتحلیل کیفی فرهنگ‌ها و دانشنامه‌های حقوقی در ایران؛ آسیب‌ها و راهکار‌ها | ||
| پژوهشنامه حقوق اسلامی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 29 مهر 1404 اصل مقاله (1.01 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30497/law.2025.248087.3753 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| هادی کرامتی معز* 1؛ رضا دلاوری2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه حقوق گروه حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه طلوع مهر، قم، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| فرهنگ‌های تخصصی و دانشنامه‌های حقوقی، یکی از ابزارهای کلیدی در توسعه دانش حقوق و ارتقای کیفیت نظام حقوقی هر کشور محسوب می‌شود. با این حال، در ایران، فرهنگ‌های تخصصی موجود با چالش‌های متعددی از جمله عدم رعایت معیارهای بین‌المللی، ضعف در پردازش علمی، و فقدان کار تیمی در تنظیم آن مواجه هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی وضعیت فرهنگ‌های تخصصی حقوقی در ایران، با به‌کارگیری روش فراتحلیل کیفی، بیش از 150 فرهنگ تخصصی، شامل فرهنگ‌های توصیفی، دوزبانه و دانشنامه‌های حقوقی را مورد بررسی قرار داده است است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که عدم مشارکت اساتید و دکترین برجسته حقوق، ترجمه‌های نامناسب، عدم هماهنگی با نیازهای علمی و اجرایی، و کمبود نگاه میان‌رشته‌ای، از مهم‌ترین موانع تدوین دقیق فرهنگ‌های تخصصی حقوق در ایران هستند. به‌علاوه، ضعف در به‌کارگیری فناوری‌های نوین و فقدان پایگاه‌های داده یکپارچه برای تدوین فرهنگ‌های تخصصی، موجب شده است که فرهنگ‌های موجود کارایی لازم را نداشته باشند و نتوانند به‌عنوان منابع مرجع مورد استفاده گسترده قرار گیرند. این جستار در نهایت بهره‌گیری از نرم‌افزارهای تخصصی فرهنگ‌نگاری، افزایش تعامل میان متخصصان حقوقی و زبان‌شناسان، توسعه همکاری‌های علمی بین‌المللی و ایجاد چارچوب‌های معیار برای تدوین فرهنگ‌های تخصصی دانش حقوق را پیشنهاد داده است تا کاربردپذیری آن‌ها در نظام حقوقی ایران افزایش یابد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| فرهنگ‌نگاری تخصصی؛ معیارهای فرهنگ‌نگاری؛ فرهنگ حقوقی؛ دانشنامه حقوقی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Legal Dictionaries and Encyclopedias in Iran: Challenges and Proposed Solutions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hadi Keramati Moez1؛ Reza Delavari2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, ToloueMehr University, Qom, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Context & Objective: Specialized dictionaries and legal encyclopedias are fundamental instruments for advancing legal knowledge and enhancing the quality of a nation's legal system. Mastery of specialized vocabulary is crucial for achieving a deeper understanding of any field of science, which is a primary motivation for compiling specialized dictionaries, ensuring clear comprehension of terminology and facilitating the analysis of specialized texts. However, despite noticeable progress in lexicography in Iran over recent decades, specialized legal dictionaries currently face structural challenges, including non-compliance with international standards, deficiencies in scholarly rigor, and a lack of effective teamwork in their compilation. The present research aims to conduct a qualitative analysis of the current state of specialized legal dictionaries in Iran. The research seeks to identify their scope and variety, uncover existing weaknesses and shortcomings, and ultimately propose strategies to reform the structure of legal lexicography in Iran. Key research questions guiding this inquiry include determining the factors influencing the compilation of these works (such as the impact of ruling ideologies, jurisprudential texts, or foreign adaptations), identifying the scientific branches of law addressed by these publications, and evaluating their mode of production (whether they are the result of independent research, adaptation, or translation). Method & Approach: This study employs a qualitative meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis was utilized to systematically and critically review the body of work related to specialized lexicography in Iran. The statistical population encompassed all specialized dictionaries, encyclopedias, and even mobile applications related to law that have been written or translated in Iran since the establishment of the legal discipline. Data were collected using library methods and the analysis of documents. In total, the study reviewed and screened over 150 specialized titles, eventually selecting 135 cases (comprising dictionaries, encyclopedias, and specialized texts) for detailed meta-analysis. The qualitative analysis focused on several criteria, including the subject matter addressed, the nature of the work (authored or translated), the publishers involved, and, crucially, the degree of group participation in their creation. Findings: Analysis of the more than 150 reviewed titles reveals significant structural and quality deficits in Iranian legal lexicography. A core finding is the overwhelming reliance on individual effort: over 77% of the specialized dictionaries examined were compiled by a single person, with only 19.6% involving two authors, and a meager 3.2% being developed collaboratively. This lack of teamwork is identified as a major obstacle, as specialized dictionary compilation necessitates collective expertise. Furthermore, the study determined that key obstacles include limited participation from prominent legal professors and doctrine, inappropriate or superficial translations, a lack of interdisciplinary perspective, and a failure to align works with current scientific and executive needs. Precision in applying professional lexicographical standards is often lacking, especially in bilingual dictionaries. Consequently, many existing dictionaries fail to serve as efficient or authoritative reference sources. The titles analyzed were categorized, showing that encyclopedias constituted 17%, bilingual dictionaries 15.6%, and specialized legal texts 11.7%. Thematic distribution showed that Public Law accounted for 22.7% of the works, and Criminal Law and Criminology accounted for 11%. Conclusion: The research concludes that specialized legal dictionaries in Iran, while essential, suffer from fundamental weaknesses, including poor scientific processing, outdated content, inadequate use of modern technologies (such as integrated databases), limited involvement of seasoned legal specialists, and a pronounced absence of collaborative, interdisciplinary work. This failure to adhere to professional standards and incorporate contemporary practices compromises their functionality and academic utility. To enhance the applicability and quality of legal dictionaries in Iran, the research offers several solutions: implementing specialized lexicography software, increasing crucial interdisciplinary cooperation between legal experts and linguists, developing international scientific collaboration, and establishing defined framework standards for compilation. The study also recommends forming a dedicated committee ("Language, Concepts, and Legal Vocabulary") to standardize Persian legal terminology and calls for the continuous revision and updating of specialized dictionaries, ideally every two or three years. Implementing these strategies is necessary to elevate the quality of legal reference materials to meet the complex needs of the country’s legal community. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Specialized Lexicography, Lexicographic Standards, Legal Dictionary, Legal Encyclopedia | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 19 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 7 |
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