اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 20 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 476 |
| تعداد مقالات | 4,072 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 7,290,817 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 3,344,116 |
تحلیل و نقد شرطیه پاسکال با توجه به نظریه تصمیم سازی | ||
| پژوهشنامه فلسفه دین (نامه حکمت) | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 3، شماره 2، آبان 1384، صفحه 129-163 اصل مقاله (261.81 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30497/prr.2012.1201 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| رضا اکبری1؛ عباس خسروی فارسانی2 | ||
| 1استادیار گروه فلسفه و کلام دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2کارشناس ارشد فلسفه و کلام دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| یکی از استدلال‌های ارائه‌شده در زمینة اثبات وجود خدا و معقولیت باورهای دینی، استدلالی است که به «شرطیة پاسکال» یا «شرط‌بندی پاسکال» مشهور است. این استدلال که از مناقشه‌انگیزترین استدلال‌های اثبات وجود خدا و معقولیت باورهای دینی در مباحث فلسفة دین است، بیان می‌دارد در جایی که دلایل و استدلال‌های عقلی و نظریِ اثبات وجود خدا کفایت نکنند، باز هم باور به وجود خدا و دیگر باورهای دینی از جمله باور به زندگی پس از مرگ، و زندگی بر اساس این باورها، تنها گزینة معقول و محتاطانة پیش روست و دوراندیشی، احتیاط و مصلحت‌اندیشی اقتضا می‌کند که در مقام عمل و تصمیم‌سازی، وجود خدا و حقانیت آموزه‌های دینی را مورد اذعان و اقرار قرار دهیم و بر حقانیت آن‌ها شرط‌بندی کنیم. این استدلال با قرار گرفتن در چارچوب نظریة تصمیم‌سازی و با توجه به مباحث «حساب احتمالات» و «سودِ موردِ انتظار» (سود محتمَل) و محاسبۀ ریسک، پرورش و پیرایش یافته و منجر به ارائة چهار تقریر جدید از آن شده است که عبارت‌اند از «استدلال برتری»، «استدلال سود مورد انتظار»، «استدلال سود مورد انتظار برتر» و «استدلال برتری قاطع». | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شرطیة پاسکال؛ احتمال وجود خدا؛ خداباوری؛ عقلانیت باور دینی؛ نظریة تصمیم‌سازی؛ سود مورد انتظار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The Analysis of Pascal’s Wager with Emphasis on the Decision-Making Theory | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Reza Akbari1؛ Abbas Khosravi Farsani2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor at Department of Philosophy and Kalam at Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2MA in Philosophy and Kalam at Imam Sadiq University, Tehran. Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| One of the arguments for proving God’s existence and the intelligibility of religious beliefs is that which is known as Pascal’s Wager. According to this highly disputable argument, in the absence of sufficient theoretical and rational evidence for proving God’s existence, the only intelligible and cautious option is belief in God, the afterlife, and shaping our lives thereon. A prudent and expedient mind necessitates the consideration of God and the justification of religious beliefs when it comes to decision-making and practice. This argument is polished by the decision-making theory and by considering discourses on “rules of probability”, “expected utility” and “ risk-taking”, and had led to four new expositions: the argument from dominance, argument from expected utility, argument from dominating expected utility, and argument from strong dominance. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Pascal’s Wager, probability of God’s existence, theism, rationality of religious belief, decision-making theory, expected utility | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Anderson, Robert D. (1995), "Recent criticisms and defenses of Pascal's Wager", International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol.37, Issue1. Bernoulli, Daniel (1954), "Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk", Translated by L. Sommer, Econometrica, Vol.22. Bicchieri, Cristina (1998), "Decision and Game Theory", in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Vol. 2, London and New York: Routledge. Brwon, Geoffrey T. (1984), "A Defence of Pascal's Wager", Religious Studies, Vol.20. Brown, Stuart (2001), Philosophy of Religion: An Introduction with Readings, Routledge: Routledge and Francis Group. Byl, John (1994), "On Pascal's Wager and Infinite Utilities", Faith and Philosophy; Vol.11, No.3. Cantor, Georg (1895-7), Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers, trans. P.E.B. Jourdain, New York: Dover, 1955. Craig, William Lane, et al. (eds.) (2003), Philosophy of Religion: A Reader and Guide; RutgersUniversity Press. Duff, Antony (1986), "Pascal's Wager and Infinite Utilities", Analysis, Vol.46. Elster, Jon (2003), "Pascal and Decision Theory", in: Hammond, Nicholas (ed.) (2003), The Cambridge Companion to Pascal, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press. Hacking, Ian (1994), "The Logic of Pascal's Wager", in: Jordan, Jeff (ed.) (1994), pp.17-25. Reprinted in: Craig, William Lane, et al. (eds.) (2003). Id. (1975), The Emergence of Probability, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press. Hájek, Alan (1998), "Agnosticism Meets Bayesianism", Analysis Vol.58, No. 3. Id. (2004), "Pascal's Wager", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2004 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2004/entries/pascal-wager/>. James, William (1956), The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy and Human Immortality, New York: Dover. Jordan, Jeff (Jeffrey James) (1993), "Pascal's Wager and the problem of Infinite Utilities", Faith and Philosophy, Vol.10. No.1. Id. (1994 a), Gambling on God: Essays on Pascal's Wager; Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Id. (1994 b), "The St. Petersburg Paradox and Pascal's Wager", Philosophia, Vol.23. Id. (2005), "Pascal's Wager and James's Will To Believe", in: Wainwright, William J. (ed.) (2005). Joyce, James (2004), "Bayes's Theorem", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2004 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bayes-theorem/>. Lachelier, Jules (1960), "Notes on Pascal's Wager" in: The Philosophy of Jules Lachlier, trans. E.G. Ballard. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960 (1901). Mackie, Joan Leslie (1982), The Miracle of Theism: Argumenst for and against the existence of God, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Levi, Paul (1979), Moore, New York: Humanity Press. McClennen, Edward F. (1994), "Pascal's wager and Finite Decision Theory", in: Jordan, Jeff (ed.) (1994). Macrae, Norman (1992), John von Newmann, New York: Pantheon. MacIntosh, J. J. (2000), "Is Pascal's Wager Self-Defeating?", Sophia; Vol. 39, No.2. Martin, Michael (1975), "On Four Critiques of Pascal's Wager", Sophia Vol.14. Id. (1983), "Pascal's Wager as an Argument for Not Believing in God", Religious Studies, No.19. Martin, Robert (2004), "The St. Petersburg Paradox", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2004 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2004/entries/paradox-stpetersburg/>. Plantinga, Alvin and Wolterstorff, Nicholas (eds.) (1983), Faith and Rationality, Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press. Pojman, Louis P. (1987), Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology, Blemont, California: Wadsworth. Pascal, Blaise (2003), Pensées, trans. W. F. Trotter, introduction by T.S. Eliot, New York: Dover Publication. Quinn, Philip L. (1994), "Moral Objections to Pascalian Wagering", in: Jordan, Jeff, (ed.), (1994 a). Rescher, Nicholas (1985); Pascal's Wager: A Study of Practical Reasoning in Philosophical Theology, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. Id. (1995); Essays in the History of Philosophy, Aldershot: Avebury Press. Smith, George H. (1989), Atheism: The Case against God, Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. Sobel, Jordan Howard (2004), Logic and Theism: Arguments For and Against Beliefs in God, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press. Sorenson, Roy A. (1994), "Infinite Decision Theory", in: Jordan, Jeff (ed.) (1994). Swinburne, Richard (1991), Existence of God, Oxford, New York: Clarenton Press, OxfordUniversity Press. Turner, Merle (1968), "Deciding for God--The Bayesian Support of Pascal's Wager" Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol.29. Wainwright, William J. (ed.) (2005), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion, Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press. Weirich, Paul (1984), "The St. Petersburg Gamble and Risk", Theory and Decision, Vol.17, No.2 Wetzel, James (1993), "Infinite return: Two ways of wagering with Pascal", Religious Studies, Vol.29, No.2. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 10,005 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,633 |
||