اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 20 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 477 |
| تعداد مقالات | 4,073 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 7,296,409 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 3,347,918 |
گونه شناسی نظریه ها و منشور طیف نوری تعریف مسئله در تحلیل خط مشی. | ||
| اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی (اندیشه مدیریت) | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 31، فروردین 1401، صفحه 1-36 اصل مقاله (964.08 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله علمی - مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30497/smt.2022.239428.3108 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حسن دانایی‌فرد1؛ سید مجتبی امامی2؛ محمد صادق تراب زاده جهرمی* 3 | ||
| 1استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و مدیریت، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری سیاست‌گذاری عمومی، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه السلام، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول). | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بسیاری از اوقات، شکست خط‌مشی به تعریف غلط از مسئله خط‌مشی بازمی‌گردد. این امر، چالشی فراگیر در حوزه رشته‌های مختلف، خصوصاً مطالعات تحلیل خط‌مشی عمومی است که با واژگان متفاوتی نیز مورد اشاره قرار می‌گیرد. در عرصه عمل نیز، تعریف مسئله غلط، در قالب بروز خطای نوع سوم، منجر به آن می‌شود که مسائل خط مشی، حل نشده و پایدار بمانند. علت بروز خطای نوع سوم را باید در چهار دلیل جستجو کرد: سیستم های مسائل، تفاسیر متفاوت، سیاست اطلاعات و تغییرات بیرونی. در این مقاله، ضمن مرور ماهیت مسئله خط مشی و نظریه های تعریف مسئله، یک گونه شناسی از مهم‌ترین نظریه های تعریف مسئله خط مشی ارائه می شود. ضمنا از قبل بررسی ادبیات، «منشور طیف نوری تعریف مسئله» را به نمایش خواهیم گذاشت که در 7 لایه، طیف فکری نظریه های تعریف مسئله را تشریح می کند: هدف، موضوع محوری، هستی شناسی، پارادایم علمی، روش، رویکرد و سطح تحلیل. پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد پیچیدگی ها فرایند تعریف مسئله را در معرض دید مخاطبان قرار دهد و از ساده انگاری در تعریف مسائل خط مشی پرهیز دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مسئله خط‌مشی؛ تعریف مسئله خط‌مشی؛ ساختاردهی مسئله؛ تشخیص مسئله؛ منشور طیف نوری تعریف مسئله | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Typology of Problem Definition Theories and its prism of light spectrum in Policy Analysis. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hasan Danaeefard1؛ Seyyed Mojtaba Emami2؛ محمد صادق تراب زاده جهرمی3 | ||
| 1Professor, Department of Public Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Management, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Doctoral student of public policy making, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran (corresponding author). | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Oftentimes, policy failure refers to the wrong definition of a policy problem. This is a pervasive challenge in various fields, especially public policy analysis studies, which are also referred to in different terms. In practice, too, the definition of a wrong problem in the form of a third type of error leads to policy problems remaining unresolved and sustainable. The cause of the third type of error should be sought for four reasons: systems of problems, different interpretations, information politics, and external changes. In this article, while reviewing the nature of policy problem and problem definition theories, a typology of the most important policy problem theories is presented. In addition to the literature review, we will present the "Problem Definition prism of light spectrum", which describes in seven layers the intellectual spectrum of problem definition theories: purpose, theme, ontology, scientific paradigm, method, approach, and level of analysis. The present study seeks to present the complexities of the problem definition process to the viewers and to avoid simplifying the definition of policy problems. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Policy Problem, Policy Problem Definition, Problem Structuring, Problem diagnosis, Problem Definition prism of light spectrum | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
آذر، عادل؛ و خسروانی، فرزانه(1392). تحقیق در عملیات نرم؛ رویکردهای ساختاردهی مسأله. تهران: سازمان مدیریت صنعتی.
Ackoff, R. L. (1974). Redesigning the Future: A Systems Approach to Societal Problems. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: Whats the Problem Represented to be. Frenchs Forest.
Bacchi, C. (2015). The Turn to Problematization: Political Implications of Contrasting Interpretive and Poststructural Adaptations.
Bardach, E. (1981). Problems of Problem Definition in Policy Analysis. Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management. 1. 161-171.
Bardach, E. (2015). A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving. Los Angeles, Calif: Sage.
Bardwell, L. V. (1991). Problem-framing: a Perspective on Environmental Problem-Solving. Environmental Management. 15 (5). 603-612.
Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (2020). The Politics of Information. University of Chicago Press.
Dery, D. (1982). Evaluation and Problem Redefinition. Journal of Public Policy, 23-30.
Dery, D. (2000). Agenda Setting and Problem Definition. Policy Studies. 21 (1). 37-47.
Dillon, J. T. (1982). Problem Finding and Solving. The Journal of Creative Behavior.
Dunn, W. N. (2014). Public Policy Analysis (5th Pearson new. international Ed.). Harlow: Pearson.
Guess, G. M., & Farnham, P. G. (2011). Cases in Public Policy Analysis. Georgetown University Press.
Gusfield, J. R. (1984). The Culture of Public problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order. University of Chicago Press.
Hanberger, A. (2001). What is the Policy Problem? Methodological Challenges in Policy Evaluation. Evaluation. 7 (1). 45-62.
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2014). Wicked Problems. Administration & Society. 47 (6). 711–739.
Hoover, S. M. (1990). Problem Finding/ Solving in Science: Moving Toward Theory.
Hoppe, R. (2002). Cultures of Public Policy Problems. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice. 4 (3). 305-326.
Knoepfel, P. (2007). Public Policy Analysis. Bristol: Policy Press.
Linder, S. H., & Peters, B. G. (1984). From Social Theory to Policy Design. Journal of Public Policy. 237-259.
MacRae, D. J., Whittington, D. (1997). Expert Advice for Policy Choice: Analysis and Discourse. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Mamadouh, V. (1999). Grid-Group Cultural Theory: an Introduction. Geo Journal. 47 (3). 395-409.
Mayer, I. S., Van Daalen, C. E., & Bots, P. W. (2004). Perspectives on Policy Analyses: a Framework for Understanding and Design. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management. 4 (2). 169-191.
McGaghie, W. C., Bordage, G., & Shea, J. A. (2001). Problem Statement, Conceptual Framework, and Research Question. Academic Medicine. 76 (9). 923–924.
Morss, R. E. (2005). Problem Definition in Atmospheric Science Public Policy: The Example of Observing-System Design for Weather Prediction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 86 (2). 181-192.
De Neufville, J. I., & Barton, S. E. (1987). Myths and the Definition of Policy Problems. Policy Sciences. 20 (3). 181-206.
Nezu, A., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (1981). Effects of Problem Definition and Formulation on Decision Making in the Social Problem-Solving Process. Behavior Therapy. 12 (1). 100-106.
Patton, C. V., Sawicki, D. S., & Clark, J. J. (2016). Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning (3rd edition). London: Routledge.
Peters, G. B. (2005). The Problem of Policy Problems. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis. 7 (4). 349-370.
Plein, L. C. (1994). Agenda Setting, Problem Defnition, and Policy Studies. Policy Studies Journal. 22 (4). 701.
Popper, K. (2013). All Life is Problem Solving. Routledge.
Raadschelders, J. C. (2011). Public Administration: The Interdisciplinary Study of Government. Oxford University Press.
Rein, M., & Schön, D. (1996). Frame-Critical Policy Analysis and Frame-Reflective Policy Practice. Knowledge and Policy. 9 (1). 85-104.
Rochefort, D. A., & Cobb, R. W. (1993). Problem Definition, Agenda Access, and Policy Choice. Policy Sudies Journal. 21 (1). 56-71.
Rochefort, D. A., & Donnelly, K. P. (2013). Agenda-Setting and Political Discourse. In E. Araral, S. Fritzen, M. Howlett, M. Ramesh, & X. Wu (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Public Policy (189–203). London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Rosenhead, J. (2006). Past, Present and Future of Problem Structuring Methods. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 57 (7). 759-765.
Runco, M. A. (Ed.). (1994). Problem Finding, Problem Solving, and Creativity. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Shön, D. A., & Rein, M. (1994). Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies. Basic Books. New York.
Simon, H. A. (1995). Problem Forming, Problem Finding and Poblem Solving in Design. Design & Systems. 245-257.
Sin, G. (2016, May). The Politics of Information: Problem Definition and the Course of Public Policy in America. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Bryan D. Jones. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015. 264 pages. 85.00(hardcover); 27.50 (softcover). In Congress & the Presidency. 43 (2). 275-277.
Skaburskis, A. (2008). The Origin of “Wicked Problems”. Planning Theory & Practice. 9 (2). 277-280.
Smith, A. (1983). The Politics of Information: Problems of Policy in Modern Media. Communications and Culture.
Stone, D. (2012). Incentives. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making. 3rd ed. New York, NY: WW Norton & Company. 271-288.
Sylvan, D. A., & Voss, J. F. (Eds.). (1998). Problem representation in Foreign Policy Decision-Making. Cambridge University Press.
Thissen, W. A. H. (2013). Diagnosing Policy Problem Situations. In W. A. H. Thissen & W. E. Walker (Eds.), International Series in Operations Research & Management Science: Vol. 179. Public Policy Analysis. New Developments (65–101). Boston, MA: Springer US.
Thissen, W. A. H., & Walker, W. E. (2013). Public Policy Analysis: New Developments. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science: Vol. 179. Boston, MA: Springer US.
Torgerson, D. (1986). Between Knowledge and Politics: Three Faces of Policy Analysis. Policy Sciences. 19 (1). 33-59.
Veselý, A. (2007). Problem Delimitation in Public Policy Analysis. Central European Journal of Public Policy. 1 (01). 80-100.
Veselý, A. (2017). Problem Delimitation in Policy Formulation. In Handbook of Policy Formulation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Weber, E. P., & Khademian, A. M. (2008). Wicked Problems, Knowledge Challenges, and Collaborative Capacity Builders in Network Settings. Public Administration Review. 68 (2). 334-349.
Weimer, D. L., & Vining, A. R. (2011). Policy Analysis (5th Ed.). Boston: Longman.
Weiss, J. A. (1989). The Powers of Problem Definition: The Case of Government Paperwork. Policy Sciences. 22 (2). 97-121.
Woolley, R. N., & Pidd, M. (1981). Problem Structuring—A Literature Review. Journal of the Operational Research Society. 32 (3). 197-206. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 184 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 177 |
||